Diagnostic challenge: cardiac myeloid sarcoma in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Fernández-Rivera, Alexis Y; Vásquez-Ortiz, Zuilma Y; Galindo-Uribe, Jaime
ABSTRACT
Introduction: myeloid sarcoma, also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a malignant neoplasm resulting from the infiltration of immature myeloid cells into extramedullary tissues, with an estimated incidence of 2.5-9.1% in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The heart is an uncommon site of occurrence (< 1%). Currently, there are no firmly established diagnostic or treatment guidelines for this condition.
Case report: a 21-year-old female patient with a history of acute myeloid leukemia (translocation 9:11), diagnosed at age 16. After receiving chemotherapy, she achieved remission in October 2019. She was referred for follow-up in December 2021, presenting with wasting syndrome, palpitations, and dyspnea (NYHA II).
Conclusions: this case highlights the rarity of cardiac myeloid sarcoma and underscores the need for the use of multimodal imaging in diagnosis and follow-up. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of establishing specialized care pathways with a cardio-onco-hematological perspective in Mexico.
